ContentsIntroduction.................................. 004Chapter I The CPC: A Political Party Upholding and Pursuing DemocracyDemocracy， as an Ideological Weapon Against Autocracy， Paved the Way for the Establishment of the CPC.................................................018Articles on Democracy in the Programs and Constitution of the CPC: Theoretical Foundations for the CPC’s Democratic Cause........................................029When Leftist Guidelines Damaged Democracy and Harmed the Revolution，the CPC Learned the Lessons and Saved the Revolution by Embracing Democracy. ...............033Chapter II With Democracy as Its Weapon， the CPC Defeated the KMTEstablished a New-Type Army Through Democracy.......................045A New Mode of Governance Based on the “Three-Thirds System” ................................ 052The CPC’s Democratic Style Increased the Party’s Appeal to Young Democracy Supporters....................................................062Inter-Party Consultation and Cooperation for the Future of the Nation........................... 068Chapter III Democratic Consultations for the Establishment of aNew ChinaThe Governance Program of the CPC Attracts Other Democratic Parties................082The Political Consultative Conference Dedicated to the Preparationfor Founding the New China Featured Democratic Consultations............................092Non-CPC Ministers Hold Both Positions and Power...........................104Chapter IV With Democracy， China Entered the New Period of Reform and Opening-UpDeng Xiaoping’s “Three Ups and Three Downs” Reflects the Development of the CPC’s Intra-Party Democracy...............................118Realize Historical Transition by Exercising Democracy..............125Chapter V Development of Democracy in the New EraAdhere to and Strengthen the CPC’s Overall Leadership ...................134Uphold and Improve the System of the People’s Congresses andEnsure the People’s Status as Masters of the Country...........................140Adhere to and Improve the System of CPC-Led Multi-Party Cooperation and Political Consultation; Promote the Development of Socialist Consultative Democracy.............................................................151Uphold and Improve the System of Regional Ethnic Autonomy and Promote the Development of All Ethnic Groups ...........................158Constantly Perfect the Community-Level Self-Governance Systemand Promote Community-Level Democracy.......................165Promote Law-Based Governance and Stick to the Path of Socialist Rule of Law with Chinese Characteristics................................................172Chapter VI The People’s Congress Essentially Embodies DemocracyBuild a Platform for People’s Democracy.............................................. 183Legislation and Supervision Demonstrate the Strength of Democracy.....................191The Unique Characteristics of the People’s Congress System..................................203Chapter VII The CPPCC Demonstrates the Charm of the Chinese DemocracyThe CPPCC Started a New Development Phase for Multi-Party Cooperation.........216Institutionalized Consultation Among the Parties...........................227How the Non-CPC Political Parties Participate in Discussing and Handling State Affairs .........................................................240Chapter VIII Democracy: The Key to Handling Ethnic IssuesLet Ethnic Minority Groups Be Masters of Their Own Affairs................256Accelerate the Development of Ethnic Minority Areas.......................266Protect Freedom of Religious Belief............................................272Chapter IX Democratic Decision-Making Boosts Scientific DevelopmentGradually Improve the Capability of Decision-Makers.......................283Highlight the Development of Decision-Making Systems.................288Involvement of Citizens in Major Decision-Makings..........................293Stress Experts’ Participation and Decision-Making Procedures..............298Chapter X Enhance Governance Foundations by Welcoming OpinionsComply with Public Opinions and Focus on Improving People’s Livelihood..........306Investigation: The Heirloom of the CPC...................................314Open Channels to Solicit Public Opinions..............................................320New Media: New Platforms for Expressing Public Opinions............... 327Chapter XI Grassroots Democracy: Democracy with Renewed Vigor and VitalityVillagers’ Self-Governance: Democratic Practice of Rural People...........................335Reform of Township Governance .................................................343Residents’ Self-Governance and Democratic Management of Enterprises and Public Institutions...............................................350Rising Mass Social Organizations: Grassroots Democracy..........................359Chapter XII Intra-Party Democracy: Key to the Future Development of China’s DemocracyIntra-Party Democracy: Key to the CPC’s Survival......................368Guarantee CPC Members’ Rights........................................373Make Party Affairs More Transparent..............................................381Chapter XIII Inclusiveness Brings Innovation of New Democratic Governance ModelsBe Rationally Inclusive and Allow Contention................................393Absorb Progressive People Into the Party Regardless of Their Social Stratum Backgrounds......................................400Economic Democracy and the End of the Planned Economy............407Learn from the World: Globalization of the Inter-Party Communication..................415Concluding Remarks................................................423
內容試閱：
IntroductionThe 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC)， which attracted worldwide attention， marked the beginning of a new era for China’s development. Domestically， new progress has been achieved in promoting democracy under the leadership of the CPC; internationally， the CPC has become the world’s largest Marxist political party and thegoverning party of the world’s largest developing country. As a result， what the CPC says and does gets increasing attention from across the globe.In November 2021， the 6th Plenum of the 19th CPC Central Committee (CCCPC)， which is widely regarded as a meeting of great historical significance for China， championed whole-process people’s democracy. It was after summarizing the lessons learned from successes and failures in political development both at home and abroad that the Plenum decided to unswervingly pursue this type of socialist democracy that is deeply rooted in Chinese society. Given the fact that sweeping progress has been made in institutionalizing and standardizing the socialist democracy since the 18th CPC National Congress， and the fact that the strengths of the socialist political system with Chinese characteristics have been brought into full play， ensuring China’s political stability， unity and vitality， the Plenum also announced that the Party was going to hold its 20th National Congress in the second half of 2022 in Beijing. As the CPC’s influence keeps growing， its 20th National Congress will undoubtedly attract wider attention in the world， and the international community will closely follow the CPC’s progress in advancing China’s political structure reform and promoting democracy in the many years to come.For a long time， Western countries have mistakenly defined the political system established by the CPC as a “one-party autocracy without democracy，” while equating their two-party system and multi-party system with democracy. This false impression they’ve created has for a long time deluded the international community into believing that the CPC is against practicing democracy. It has also influenced the view of a small number of Chinese people on the country’s political system.In fact， what has really happened in the history of the CPC is as follows: since its founding， the CPC has been earnestly pursuing and practicing democracy， and democracy has repeatedly helped the Party overcame difficulties and achieve success. Claims such as “one-Party governance must be autocratic instead of democratic” are counter-scientific notions forged by some Western political scholars. Such ideas run counter to the world’s need for diversification of political systems. Because of them， many countries’ efforts to establish their own political system based on their realities are interfered or even under attack.Similar to economy and culture， democracy develops at different paces and comes in different forms in different countries， among different nationalities， and from different historical and cultural backgrounds. It has no fixed， universally correct form. Between form and contents， China highly values the latter. To be more specific， while paying heed to the way democracy is conducted， we pay more attention to the actual contents of democracy. So far， after years of exploration， practice， and innovation， the CPC has blazed its own development road and established its own development mode， namely the socialist road with Chinese characteristics and the democratic road with Chinese characteristics. Such a democratic mode (or path) embodies the values of the Chinese people. It has been a successful practice of the CPC. It is open， inclusive and therefore never self-enclosed.This successful practice of the CPC and the Chinese people demonstrates that democracy is developed based on a country’s realities — including its history， economy and culture. To judge if the policies and systems established and followed by a party or government are democratic or not， it is necessary to take into consideration the realities of the country or region and avoid resorting solely to the standards set by the Western world. When any political party or political force in the world makes effort to pursue progress and democracy and actively explores their own road and mode based on their realities， such effort and exploration must be appreciated. There should be multiple and diversified roads and modes for developing democracy. Democracy is not equivalent to a multi-party system， and one-party leadership is not equivalent to autocracy. Democracy can be practiced under one-Party leadership. There is no such thing as the best democracy but only better democracy.As a responsible， large developing country， China feels obliged to participate in and support the diversified development process of world politics. It has every reason to confidently introduce to its young people and other countries in the world， through its own discourse system， what type of democracy the government of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the CPC are practicing and pursuing， and what their future-oriented institutional design are for exercising this democracy with Chinese characteristic. To make our due contribution to this democracy， we hereby compile this book.This book was not written in a way that may lead to a war of words， arguments or debates; rather， it was written with the ideas of “telling vivid stories， giving typical examples， presenting hard historical facts and listing precise data.” To clear up the confusion and misunderstandings over the issue of China’s democracy， which exist in the Western world as well as among some — though not so many — people in China， we list frequently-asked questions， make comparisons， and give answers to the questions in this book. Our views on the progress that the CPC and the PRC have made in promoting democracy are convincingly backed by realities， concrete cases， historical facts and data in addition to quotations from foreign people. In a word， we just want to rebut the false rhetoric around China’s democracy with evidence， and we have implemented this principle throughout the entire book.Lin Liangqi and Shen ChuanliangDecember， 2021
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