Contents
Preface
Study Region
Summary
1?Development in West Asia / 01
1.1?Economy and Society / 02
1.1.1?Macro Economy / 02
1.1.2?Humanity and Society / 03
1.1.3?Regional Cooperation / 05
1.1.4?Development Policy / 06
1.2?Energy and Power / 07
1.2.1?Energy Development / 07
1.2.2?Power Development / 11
2?Sustainable Energy Development in West Asia / 15
2.1?Severe Challenges During Sustainable Energy Development / 16
2.1.1?Long-Term and High-Intensity Exploitation of Oil and Natural Gas Resources / 16
2.1.2?Competition for Global Oil and Natural Gas Exports Is Fierce， and Future Demand Will Decline / 16
2.1.3?Fossil Energy Subsidies Are Too High， Energy Development Needs to Improve Quality and Efficiency / 17
2.1.4?The Climate and Environmental Constraints Are Becoming Stricter， and The Energy Industry Is Under Pressure to Reduce Emissions / 18
2.1.5?Market Competitiveness of Clean Energy Needs to Be Improved / 19
2.2?Ideas and Directions for Sustainable Energy Development / 20
2.2.1?Energy Supply Changes to Clean-Dominated / 20
2.2.2?Energy Consumption Changes to Electricity-Centered / 20
2.2.3?Energy Allocation Changes to Interconnection / 21
2.2.4?Promoting Economic Transition with Energy Technology Industry Innovation / 22
3?Energy and Power Development Trend and Outlook / 23
3.1?Energy Demand / 24
3.1.1?Primary Energy / 24
3.1.2?Final Energy / 27
3.2?Power Demand / 30
3.2.1?Drivers of Power Demand Growth / 30
3.2.2?Power Demand Outlook / 38
3.3?Power Supply / 40
4?Development Layout of Clean Energy Resources / 47
4.1?Distribution of Clean Energy Resources / 48
4.1.1?Wind Energy / 48
4.1.2?Solar Energy / 49
4.2?Layout of Clean Energy Bases / 51
4.2.1?Wind Power Bases / 51
4.2.2?Solar Power Bases / 52
5?Power Grid Interconnection / 55
5.1?Power Flow / 56
5.1.1?Balance of Supply and Demand / 57
5.1.2?Power Flow Scheme / 57
5.2?Grid Interconnection / 59
5.2.1?Overall Pattern / 59
5.2.2?Interconnection Scheme / 61
5.3?Key Interconnection Projects / 64
5.3.1?West Asia—Europe Interconnection Projects / 64
5.3.2?West Asia—Africa Interconnection Projects / 65
5.3.3?West Asia—South Asia Interconnection Projects / 66
5.4?Investment Estimation / 67
5.4.1?Investment Estimation Principle / 67
5.4.2?Investment Estimation Results / 69
6?Comprehensive Benefits / 71
6.1?Economic Benefits / 72
6.2?Social Benefits / 72
6.3?Environmental Benefits / 73
6.4?Political Benefits / 75
7?Development Outlook of Achieving the 1.5℃ Temperature Control Target / 77
7.1?Implementation Paths / 78
7.1.1?Clean Replacement / 78
7.1.2?Electricity Replacement / 79
7.1.3?Carbon Sequestration and Reduction / 79
7.2?Scenarios and Schemes / 80
7.2.1?Energy Demand / 80
7.2.2?Power Demand / 82
7.2.3?Power Supply / 83
7.2.4?Power Grid Interconnection / 85
7.2.5?Comparative Analysis / 85
8?Policy and Mechanism / 87
Appendix: Roadmap of Energy Transition in West Asia / 90
References / 91
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