Timothy Hall：毕业于美国哥伦比亚大学教育学院，应用语言学硕士。
Arthur H. Milch：毕业于美国新泽西州立大学，教育学硕士。
Denise McCormack：毕业于美国新泽西州立大学，语言学硕士。
目錄：
Contents
Introduction
How to Use This Book
PART 1 Basic Comprehension
Unit 1Vocabulary3
Biography Sociology Literature Biology
Unit 2Reference 29
Animals Weather Environment Science
Unit 3Factual Information55
Journalism Health Science Government Culture
Unit 4Negative Factual Information79
Biology Psychology Weather Technology
Unit 5Sentence Simplification103
Law Biology Health Science Economics
PART 2 Making Inferences
Unit 6 Rhetorical Purpose129
Astronomy History Zoology Physics
Unit 7 Inference153
Biology Music History Geology
Unit 8 Insert Text177
Culture Astronomy Literature Chemistry
PART 3 Reading to Learn
Unit 9 Prose Summary 203
Biology Psychology Art Geography
Unit 10 Fill in a Table227
Science Sociology Economics History
Vocabulary Wrap-up 251
Actual Test 263
Contents Answer Book
Unit 1 Vocabulary279
Unit 2Reference 283
Unit 3Factual Information288
Unit 4Negative Factual Information292
Unit 5Sentence Simplification297
Unit 6 Rhetorical Purpose301
Unit 7 Inference306
Unit 8 Insert Text310
Unit 9 Prose Summary 314
Unit 10 Fill in a Table319
Actual Test 323
內容試閱：
Introduction
Information on the TOEFL iBT The Format of the TOEFL iBT
Section
Number of Questions
Timing
Score
Reading
3~4 Passages
- approximately 700 words each
- 10 questions per passage
54~72 min.
30 points
Listening
2~3 Conversations
- 12~25 exchanges each 3 min.
- 5 questions per conversation
3~4 Lectures
- 500~750 words each 4~5 min.
- 6 questions per lecture
41~57 min.
30 points
BREAK
10 min.
Speaking
1 Independent Task
preparation： 15 sec. response： 45 sec.
① 1 paired choice
2 Integrated Tasks： Read-Listen-Speak
preparation： 30 sec. response： 60 sec.
① 1 campus situation topic
- reading： 80~110 words 45 sec.
- conversation： 150~180 words 60~80 sec.
② 1 academic course topic
- reading： 80~110 words 45 sec.
- lecture： 150~220 words 60~90 sec.
1 Integrated Task： Listen-Speak
preparation： 20 sec. response： 60 sec.
① 1 academic course topic
- lecture： 230~280 words 90~120 sec.
17 min.
30 points
Writing
1 Integrated Task： Read-Listen-Write 20 min.
- reading： 250~300 words 3 min.
- lecture： 250~320 words 2 min.
- a summary of 150~225 words
1 Independent Task 30 min.
- a minimum 300-word essay
50 min.
30 points
What Is New about the TOEFL iBT? 1 The TOEFL iBT is delivered through the Internet in secure test centers around the world at the same time.
2 It tests all four language skills and is taken in the order of Reading, Listening, Speaking, and Writing, with a 10-minute break in the middle.
3 The test is 3 hours long, and all of the four test sections will be completed in one day.
4 Note taking is allowed throughout the entire test, including the Reading section. At the end of the test, all notes are collected and destroyed at the test center.
5 In the Listening section, one lecture may be spoken with a British or Australian accent.
6 There are integrated tasks requiring test takers to combine more than one language skill in the Speaking and Writing sections.
7 In the Speaking section, test takers wear headphones and speak into a microphone when they respond. The responses are recorded and transmitted to ETSs Online Scoring Network.
8 In the Writing section, test takers must type their responses. Handwriting is not possible.
9 Official scores are reported both online and by mail. All score reports sent after August 1, 2019 automatically include MyBest scores along with the traditional scores from your selected test date. This new feature combines your best scores for each section from all of your valid scores in the last two years to give you a way to show your best overall test performance.
Information on the Reading Section The Reading section of the TOEFL iBT measures test takers ability to understand university-level academic texts. This section has 3~4 passages, and the length of each passage is about 700 words. Some passages may have underlined words or phrases in shade. Test takers can click on them to see a definition or explanation. Test takers have to answer 10 questions per passage. 54~72 minutes are given to complete this section, including the time spent reading the passages and answering the questions.
Types of Reading Passages 1 Exposition Material that provides an explanation of a topic
2 Argumentation Material that presents a point of view about a topic and provides evidence to support it
3 Historical narrative An account of a past event or of a persons life, narrated or written by someone else
Basic Comprehension Questions
1 Vocabulary 1~2 questions per set
_ This type of question asks you to identify the meanings of words and phrases in the reading passage.
2 Reference 0~2 questions per set
_ This type of question asks you to identify the referential relationship between the words in the passage.
3 Factual Information 2~5 questions per set
_ This type of question asks you to identify specific information that is explicitly stated in the passage.
4 Negative Factual Information 0~2 questions per set
_ This type of question asks you to check what information is NOT mentioned in the passage.
5 Sentence Simplification 0~1 question per set
_ This type of question asks you to choose the sentence that best paraphrases the essential information in the highlighted sentence.
Inference Questions
6 Inference Questions 1~2 questions per set
_ This type of question asks you to identify an idea that is not explicitly stated in the passage.
7 Rhetorical Purpose Questions 1~2 questions per set
_ This type of question asks you why the author uses particular words, phrases, or sentences.
8 Insert Text Questions 1 question per set
_ This type of question provides an example sentence and asks you to decide where the best place for that sentence would be in the passage.
Reading to Learn Questions
9 Prose Summary 1 question per set
_ This type of question asks you to complete a summary chart with major ideas from the passage.
_ This question is worth up to 2 points, and partial credit is given.
_ This type of question does not occur with a Fill in a Table question in a same passage.
10 Fill in a Table 1 question per set
_ This type of question asks you to identify and organize the major ideas of the passage into table categories.
_ This question is worth up to 3 points for tables with 5 correct answers and 2 points for tables with 4 correct answers. Partial credit is given.
_ This type of question does not occur with a Prose Summary question in one passage.
Question Formats There are three question formats in the Reading section：
1 Four-choice questions with a single answer in traditional multiple-choice format
2 Four-choice questions with a single answer that ask test takers to insert a sentence where it fits best in a passage
3 Reading to Learn questions with more than four choices and more than one answer
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