第四册（《批判思维与议论文》）的内容包括批判思维和议论文的基础知识，通过讨论和练习提高学习者的逻辑思辨能力和论据分析能力，以便增强其写作的说服力。写作练习有广告分析（advertisement/commercial analysis）、逻辑错误分析（fallacy analysis）、事实议论文（claim of fact）、价值议论文（claim of value）、政策议论文（claim of policy）等。结合议论文论据援引的特点，教材还简要介绍美国现代语言学会（MLA）关于文献引用的要求和格式。
Contents
Syllabus VII
Critical Thinking and Argumentation: An Introduction 1
Unit 1 Logos， Ethos， Pathos and Needs 5
I Logos， Ethos and Pathos 5
II Needs Analysis 10
Unit 2 Fallacious Appeals to Emotion 13
SES Assignment 16
Unit 3 Fallacies about People 20
Unit 4 A Claim of Fact 24
Claims 24
Assignment 25
Unit 5 Fallacies about Arguments (I) 36
Unit 6 Fallacies about Arguments (II) 45
Unit 7 A Claim of Value 50
Assignment 50
Unit 8 Fallacies about Analogy 68
Illustrative Analogy vs. Faulty Analogy 68
Unit 9 Fallacies in Deduction and Induction 76
Deduction and Induction 76
Unit 10 A Claim of Policy 80
Assignment 80
Unit 11 Statistics and Ambiguities 97
Homework 101
Unit 12 Arguments for Analysis: Putting It All Together 102
Key to Exercises and Homework 113
Appendix I: Topics for Argumentative Essays 135
Appendix II:Examples of the MLA Style of In-Text
Documentation and Bibliography 136
Appendix III: Glossary of Fallacies 139
References 143
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